Chemistry- Acids,Bases

[RAWR... don't like type chemistry... must type subscript and superscript]
Acids

Acids have pH value of less then 7

Natural acids are mile and not corrosive

Man-made acids are stronger.

Acids form H⁺ ions when dissolved in water

All Acid contain hydrogen

Example of typical Acid

H⁺+(SO₄)^2- → H₂SO₄ → sulfuric acid

H⁺+(NO₃)^- → HNO₃ → nitric acid

H⁺+(CO₃)^2- → H₂CO₃ → Carbonic Acid

H⁺+(F,Cl,Br,I,At)^-{Known as halides}→Name+ide Acid[Chloride Acid]

CH₃COOH (vinegar)

Properties Of Acid

Sour

Dissolve in water to form solutions

Conduct electricity

Turn blue litmus paper red

Hydrogen ions are responsible for the acidic properties

Bases

Any metal plus oxide or hydroxide is a base[ metal + O or metal + (OH^-)]

There is two types of Bases

Soluble and Insoluble.

Have A bitter Taste and soapy feel

Turn Red litmus paper blue

Hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Soluble Base.[Alkali]

there are five types of Alkali

NaOH

KOH

Ca(OH)₂

Ba(OH)₂

NH₃

Types of oxides
1.Acidic Oxides

Non-metal oxides.

number of oxygen must be more than one

exist as gaseous state

DO NOT react with acid

react with alkalis

dissolve in water to form acid.

2.Basic Oxides

Often solid

Insoluble in water

alkalis are soluble

React with acid to form salt & water

3.Amphoteric Oxides [Aluminum, Zinc,Lead]

Metallic oxides that react with both acids and bases to form salt & Water

4.Natural Oxides

non-metal formed oxides

neither basic or acidic

insoluble in water

pH scale

click to enlarge.

Importance Of pH scale

If the pH scale of the substance injected is different from your blood, you may die.

pH of soil affects the growth of plants

fishes also need different pH value of water

To control acidity, chemicals are added.

liming is done to soil which are acidic.

liming is the process of adding quick lime[calcium oxide] or slake lime [calcium hydroxide]


I'll type salt another day cause salt got alot points....
Preview :D
Salt